ASTM A681
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Steel description: Manusteelcn.
Hot keywords of steel grade:ASTM A681
HEAT TREATMENT
ANNEALING:
Heat to 1550F (840C), hold 2 hours, slow cool 50F (30C)/hour maximum) to 1000F (540C), air cool.
OR
Heat to 1550F (840C), hold 2 hours, cool to 1400F (760C), hold 4 hours, air cool to room temperature. Typical annealed hardness: 187/220 BHN.
STRESS RELIEVING:
Annealed Material: Heat to 1200/1250F(650/675C), hold two hours, cool in still air.
Hardened Material: Heat to 25F(15C) below original tempering temperature, hold two hours, cool in still air.
HARDENING:
Preheat: Heat to 1250° F, hold at this temperature until thoroughly soaked.
Harden: Heat to 1725 to 1750° F, soak at heat for 45 to 60 minutes per inch of thickness. Sizes under 1″ thick should be held for 45 to 60 minutes minimum.
Quench: Air quench sections up to 2-1/2″ thick in still air. Quench to 150° F. Temper immediately after quenching in all cases.
Temper: Double temper is mandatory. Soak for two hours per inch of thickness for each temper. Air cool to room temperature between tempers. For cold work applications, the normal tempering range is 400 to 500° F. For hot work applications, a tempering temperature of 900 to 1000° F is suggested. Never temper S7 tool steel under 400° F.
QUENCHING MEDIA
Vacuum furnace with sufficient overpressure
Forced air or gas
Martempering bath at 360–480°F (180–250°C), then cool in air or Oil (large cross sections)
Note 1: Quenching in oil gives an increased risk for dimensional changes and cracks.
Note 2: Temper the tool as soon as its temperature reaches 120–160°F (50–70°C).
TEMPERING:
S7 tool steel is normally tempered one and one-half hours to two hours for each inch of greatest crosssection. The tempering temperature varies according to the intended use. For cold-working and similar applications, a tempering temperature of 400°F is recommended. For hot-work applications, a tempering temperature of 900 to 1000°F is suggested. Never temper at less than 400°F.
The United States standard grade of steel representation method: AISI, ACI, ASTM, SAE,UNS,ANSI,
ASME,SWS.
The German standard grade of steel representation method:DIN.
The Japan standard grade of steel representation method:JIS.
The Britain standard grade of steel representation method:BS.
The France standard grade of steel representation method:NF.
The Russia standard grade of steel representation method:ΓOCT.
The China standard grade of steel representation method:GB/T 221—2000/GB/T 17616—1998.
The Korea standard grade of steel representation method:KS.
The Taiwan(China) standard grade of steel representation method:CNS.
The Sweden standard grade of steel representation method:SS(SIS).
The international organization for standard grade of steel representation method:ISO.
If you need more information for standard grade of steel representation method,pls click here.
Data Table for Steel Grades:ASTM A681
Mechanical Properties of Materials of grade steel:ASTM A681
Tensile strength, Flexural strength, Compressive strength, Shear Strength, Tensional strength, Reduction area, Yield Strength, Elongation.
Chemical composition % of the ladle analysis of steel grade:ASTM A681
| 0.45-0.55 | 0.20-1.00 | 0.20-0.90 | 0.030 max | 0.030 max | 3.00-3.50 |
| 1.30-1.80 |
0.35 max
| ||||
Technological properties of grade steel:ASTM A681
Hardness and heat treatment specification of steel grade:ASTM A681
Mechanical Properties,Hardness and heat treatment specification.Machinability,Welding,Hot Working,Cold Working, Annealing,Tempering,Hardening,Heat treatment,etc.
Hardness and heat treatment specification of steel grade:ASTM A681
Mechanical Properties,Hardness and heat treatment specification.Machinability,Welding,Hot Working,Cold Working, Annealing,Tempering,Hardening,Heat treatment,etc.
| Annealing hardness HBS | Cold pull hardness HBS | Preheating temperature ℃ | Quenching temperature ℃ | Holding time min | Hardening medium | Temper temperature ℃ | After tempering hardness ≥HRC | |
| salt-bath furnace | controlled atmosphere furnace | |||||||
| 235 | 262 | 788 | 1191 | 1204 | 5～15 | air cooling | 522 | 60 |
| Steel plate/Sheet thickness / mm | σb MPa | σs ≥/MPa | δ Samples from the standard for 50 mm (2 in) | 180 ° of cold bending test | |
| longitudinal | horizontal | ||||
| Hot-rolled/Cold rolling:5 - 150 | 520 | 415 | 16～18 | 2a | 3.5a |
| Note: (1) listed in the table apex diameter (d), to steel thickness (a) multiples said. (2) in the ASTM A6 standard specified scope can meet any additional conditions. (3) from the standard for 50 mm (2 in). Mechanical properties of Manusteelcn. Mechanische Eigenschaften of Manusteelcn. Caracteristiques mecaniques of Manusteelcn. ReH Minimum yield strength / Mindestwert der oberen Streckgrenze / Limite d’elasticite minimale Rm Tensile strength / Zugfestigkeit / Resistance a la traction A Minimum elongation / Mindestwert der Bruchdehnung / Allongement minimal J Notch impact test / Kerbschlagbiegeversuch / Essai de flexion par choc | |||||
Steel description: Manusteelcn.
Step Shaft: steel plate/sheet,coil,round bar,flat bar,tube/pipe,Profiled forgings
Manusteelcn steel Specifications or Size:
Diameter : 1mm-2000mm
Size: 50mm * 50mm-600mm *600mm
Size: Thickness: 0.1mm-800mm Width: 10mm to 1500mm
Size: OD: 6-219mm WT: 1-35 mm.
Cold-rolled sheet: Thickness: 2-5mm Width:1000mm Length: 2000mm
Hot-rolled sheet: Thickness:6-80mm Width: 210-610mm
Length: We can supply any length based on the customer's requirement.
Forging/hot rolling/ extrusion of steel.
Forging: Shafts with flanks/pipes/tubes/slugs/donuts/cubes/other shapes
Finished goods condition: hot forging/hot rolling + annealing/normalizing + tempering/quenching + tempering/any conditions based on the customer's requirement
Surface conditions: scaled (hot working finish)/ground/rough machining/fine machining/based on the customer's requirement
Furnaces for metallurgical processing: electrode arc + LF/VD/VOD/ESR/Vacuum consumable electrode.
Ultrasonic inspection: 100% ultrasonic inspection for any in-perfections or based on the customer's requirement.
UTS according to SEP 1921 C/c,D/d,E/e;A388 or GB/T 6402
Excellent service for all kinds of industries, with advantages of technologies, equipment and price.
We serve you with our honesty, integrity, and Professionality.
Hot keywords of steel grade:ASTM A681
HEAT TREATMENT
ANNEALING:
Heat to 1550F (840C), hold 2 hours, slow cool 50F (30C)/hour maximum) to 1000F (540C), air cool.
OR
Heat to 1550F (840C), hold 2 hours, cool to 1400F (760C), hold 4 hours, air cool to room temperature. Typical annealed hardness: 187/220 BHN.
STRESS RELIEVING:
Annealed Material: Heat to 1200/1250F(650/675C), hold two hours, cool in still air.
Hardened Material: Heat to 25F(15C) below original tempering temperature, hold two hours, cool in still air.
HARDENING:
Preheat: Heat to 1250° F, hold at this temperature until thoroughly soaked.
Harden: Heat to 1725 to 1750° F, soak at heat for 45 to 60 minutes per inch of thickness. Sizes under 1″ thick should be held for 45 to 60 minutes minimum.
Quench: Air quench sections up to 2-1/2″ thick in still air. Quench to 150° F. Temper immediately after quenching in all cases.
Temper: Double temper is mandatory. Soak for two hours per inch of thickness for each temper. Air cool to room temperature between tempers. For cold work applications, the normal tempering range is 400 to 500° F. For hot work applications, a tempering temperature of 900 to 1000° F is suggested. Never temper S7 tool steel under 400° F.
QUENCHING MEDIA
Vacuum furnace with sufficient overpressure
Forced air or gas
Martempering bath at 360–480°F (180–250°C), then cool in air or Oil (large cross sections)
Note 1: Quenching in oil gives an increased risk for dimensional changes and cracks.
Note 2: Temper the tool as soon as its temperature reaches 120–160°F (50–70°C).
TEMPERING:
S7 tool steel is normally tempered one and one-half hours to two hours for each inch of greatest crosssection. The tempering temperature varies according to the intended use. For cold-working and similar applications, a tempering temperature of 400°F is recommended. For hot-work applications, a tempering temperature of 900 to 1000°F is suggested. Never temper at less than 400°F.
Further reading
The United States standard grade of steel representation method: AISI, ACI, ASTM, SAE,UNS,ANSI,
ASME,SWS.
The German standard grade of steel representation method:DIN.
The Japan standard grade of steel representation method:JIS.
The Britain standard grade of steel representation method:BS.
The France standard grade of steel representation method:NF.
The Russia standard grade of steel representation method:ΓOCT.
The China standard grade of steel representation method:GB/T 221—2000/GB/T 17616—1998.
The Korea standard grade of steel representation method:KS.
The Taiwan(China) standard grade of steel representation method:CNS.
The Sweden standard grade of steel representation method:SS(SIS).
The international organization for standard grade of steel representation method:ISO.
If you need more information for standard grade of steel representation method,pls click here.
Use of steel
Iron and steel are used widely in the construction of roads, railways, other infrastructure, appliances, and buildings. Most large modern structures, such as stadiums and skyscrapers, bridges, and airports, are supported by a steel skeleton. Even those with a concrete structure employ steel for reinforcing. In addition, it sees widespread use in major appliances and cars. Despite growth in usage of aluminium, it is still the main material for car bodies. Steel is used in a variety of other construction materials, such as bolts, nails, and screws.
Other common applications include shipbuilding, pipeline transport, mining, offshore construction, aerospace, white goods (e.g. washing machines), heavy equipment such as bulldozers, office furniture, steel wool, tools, and armour in the form of personal vests or vehicle armour (better known as rolled homogeneous armour in this role). Steel was the metal of choice for sculptor Jim Gary and a frequent choice for sculpture by many other modern sculptors.
Typical Mechanical Properties
Related Terms of steels
1.carbon steel,2 carbon structural steel,3high-quality structural steel,4carbon tool steel,5cutting structural steel,6 alloy steel,7ordinary low alloy steel,8engineering structures steel,9mechanical structure steel,10alloy structural steel,11alloy tool steel,12high-speed tool steel,13 spring steel,14 bearing steel,15electrical silicon steel,16rail steel,17shipbuilding steel,18steel bridges,20welding rod of steel,21stainless steel,22heat-resistantsteel,23high-temperature alloys,24 precision alloy steel.
Usage of Steel.
Firstly, The structuralsteel，
1>The construction and engineering with the structural steel is called construction steel, it is used in building, bridges, ships, boilers or other engineering, it is the production of the metal structure of the steel. Such as carbon steel, low alloy steel, reinforced steel.
2> Machinery manufacturing structural steel- steel structural parts for manufacturing machinery and equipment. For his style of steel, it is basically a high-quality steel or high-quality steel, mainly has quality carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, easy to cut structural steel, spring steel, bearing steel, etc.
1>The construction and engineering with the structural steel is called construction steel, it is used in building, bridges, ships, boilers or other engineering, it is the production of the metal structure of the steel. Such as carbon steel, low alloy steel, reinforced steel.
2> Machinery manufacturing structural steel- steel structural parts for manufacturing machinery and equipment. For his style of steel, it is basically a high-quality steel or high-quality steel, mainly has quality carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, easy to cut structural steel, spring steel, bearing steel, etc.
Generally used in the manufacture of a variety of tools, such as carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel, high speed tool steel, etc. According to the usage, it can be divided into cutting tool steel, die steel, gauge steel.
Steel with special properties, such as acid-resistant stainless steel, heat cannot afford leather steel, high resistance alloy steel, wear-resistant steel, magnet steel, etc.
This means the steel professional use of the various industrial sectors, such as automotive steel, farm machinery steel, aviation and steel, chemical machinery steel, boiler steel, electrical steel, welding rod steel.
(1)Ordinary steel, more elements containing impurities in the steel, P≤ O.05%,S≤ 0.045%,such as carbon steel, low-alloy structural steel, etc.
(2)Quality steel, less elements containing impurities in the steel 0.04%,S≤ 0.04%, such as high-quality carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, carbon tool steel and alloy tool steel, spring steel , bearing steel ,etc.
(3) High quality steel, fewer elements containing impurities in the steel ,S≤ O.03%,P ≤ 0.035%, such as alloy structural steel and tool steel. High quality steel behind the steel grade, it is usually added the symbol "A" or the Chinese character "high" in order to be recognized.
Delivery Status of steel,
1. Hot rolled,2cold drawn (rolled),3normalizing,4annealed,5high-temperature tempering,6solution treatment.
Reliability,Trustworthiness.Hand in hand!We work together and build a long mutual business relationship with you for the steel grade!Warmly welcome!
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